GEOGRAPHIC COUNTRY STUDIES OF TRANSNATIONAL CAPITAL: SUBREGIONAL DEVELOPMENT VECTORS AND HIERARCHY OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE CENTERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-5843/2026-3-3Keywords:
geographic country studies, transnational capital, Forbes Global 2000, corporate framework, global node cities, networked decentralization, genesis of capital, geospatial asymmetry, functional parityAbstract
Relevance of the study is driven by the need to rethink the role of transnational capital in managing the global economic space amidst intensifying geopolitical turbulence. In contemporary conditions, TNC headquarters serve as the key «command posts» of the world economy, and their location defines a new hierarchy of global cities and subregions. Subject of the study – is the territorial and functional structure of global transnational capital based on Forbes Global 2000 data (2025). The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive socio-geographic analysis of the spatial hierarchy of TNCs, develop a typology of national corporate frameworks, and establish a correlation between the genesis of capital and its technological adaptability. Methods: comparative geographic analysis, functional-hierarchical ranking of cities, cartographic modeling. Results of the study the preservation of fundamental spatial asymmetry has been proven, with the «Triad» subregions controlling over 75% of global TNC capital. For the first time, a typology of national corporate frameworks has been substantiated, including eight models of capital organization (ranging from the global diversified hypernetworks of the USA and China to the metropolitan centers of the Global South). The functional hierarchy of 351 node cities has been systematized, differentiating the roles of «Alpha cities», innovative technopolises, and logistics hubs in ensuring business space resilience. A dependency between the genesis of capital and its adaptability has been identified, manifested in the contrast between «American dynamism», «European conservatism» and «Asian evolutionary compression». Conclusion: contemporary vectors of TNC development are directed towards a transition from linear “Center-Periphery” models to networked ecosystems, where resilience is ensured by functional parity between financial and innovative nodes. Practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results to formulate strategies for economic management decentralization and the development of national innovation clusters. Prospects for further research: analysis of the impact of the world economy’s militarization on the changing sectoral priorities of TNCs in the military-technical cooperation sector.
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